在开始尝试 WordPrss 时, 访问博客文章会出现错误:

The requested URL /hello-world-.html was not found on this server 

查找各种答案, 发现是由 Apache2 未开启重写模式 导致的.

关于重写模式, 很多资源都是介绍修改 Apache2 httpd.conf, 但我找了很久都未找到 httpd.conf 文件.

Ubuntu 终端查找命令:

find / -name httpd.conf

实际上, Apache2 并没有 httpd.conf 配置文件, 真实的Apache2配置文件是 /etc/apache2/apache2.conf. Apache2 启动时默认自动读取该文件内的配置信息, 而其它的配置信息则是通过 Include 包含进来的.

如:

# Include module configuration:
Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.load
Include /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/*.conf

# Include the virtual host configurations:
Include /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/*.conf

# Include generic snippets of statements
IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf

# Include list of ports to listen on
Include ports.conf

1. Apache2 配置文件

/etc/apache2/ 的目录结构:

  ├── apache2.conf                      #配置文件
  ├── ports.conf
  ├── conf-available
      └── *.conf
  ├── conf-enabled
      └── *.conf
  ├── mods-available
      ├── *.load
      └── *.conf
  ├── mods-enabled
      ├── *.load
      └── *.conf
  ├── sites-available
      ├── 000-default.conf
      └── default-ssl.conf
  ├── sites-enabled
      └── 000-default.conf

available 和 enabled 文件夹的区别和作用:

• enable/ 文件夹内的文件, 是被包含在 apache2.conf 内的配置, 即生效的配置文件.
• available/ 文件夹内的文件, 是未用到所有可能用到的配置文件, 即未生效的配置文件. 如果需要特定设置, 即从 available 文件夹内复制对应的配置文件到 enabled 文件夹内, 即可.

2. Apache2 开启重写模式

_LoadModule rewrite_module_

[1] - 复制 rewrite.load 文件到 mods-enabled 文件夹:

sudo cp /etc/apache2/mods-available/rewrite.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/rewrite.load
#或
sudo a2enmod rewrite

[2] - 更改 mods-enabled/rewrite.load 文件权限:``

chmod -R 775 rewrite.load

[3] - 编辑 apache2.conf 配置参数:

sudo vim apache2.conf

更改如下部分的参数:

更改前: AllowOverride None

更改后:AllowOverride All

更改前:

# Sets the default security model of the Apache2 HTTPD server. It does
# not allow access to the root filesystem outside of /usr/share and /var/www.
# The former is used by web applications packaged in Debian,
# the latter may be used for local directories served by the web server. If
# your system is serving content from a sub-directory in /srv you must allow
# access here, or in any related virtual host.
<Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share>
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
</Directory>

#<Directory /srv/>
#       Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#       AllowOverride None
#       Require all granted
#</Directory>

更改后:

# Sets the default security model of the Apache2 HTTPD server. It does
# not allow access to the root filesystem outside of /usr/share and /var/www.
# The former is used by web applications packaged in Debian,
# the latter may be used for local directories served by the web server. If
# your system is serving content from a sub-directory in /srv you must allow
# access here, or in any related virtual host.
<Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share>
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
</Directory>

#<Directory /srv/>
#       Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#       AllowOverride None
#       Require all granted
#</Directory>

[4] - 重启 Apache

sudo systemctl restart apache2.service